Dr Ravi Bhanushali

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SPINE ISSUES

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition characterized by the forward displacement of one vertebra over the vertebra below it. It most commonly occurs in the lumbar spine (lower back) but can also affect the cervical spine (neck).

Here’s an overview of spondylolisthesis:

Types:

  • Degenerative spondylolisthesis: This type occurs due to age-related wear and tear of the spinal discs and facet joints, leading to instability and forward slippage of one vertebra over another. It typically affects older adults and is more common in the lumbar spine.
  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis: This type results from a defect or fracture (pars interarticularis) in the bony arch of the vertebra, which allows for anterior displacement of the affected vertebra. It is often seen in younger individuals and may be associated with activities that involve repetitive hyperextension of the spine, such as gymnastics or football.
  • Traumatic spondylolisthesis: This type occurs as a result of a traumatic injury to the spine, such as a fracture or dislocation, leading to vertebral displacement.
  • Pathological spondylolisthesis: This type occurs secondary to an underlying condition such as a tumor or infection that weakens the spinal structures and causes vertebral slippage.

Causes:

  • Degeneration of the spinal discs and facet joints.
  • Congenital abnormalities or defects in the spine.
  • Repetitive stress or trauma to the spine.
  • Certain medical conditions that weaken the spinal structures, such as osteoporosis or rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms:

  • Lower back pain: Chronic, dull, aching pain in the lower back is a common symptom of spondylolisthesis.
  • Radicular pain: Compression of spinal nerves can cause radiating pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that travels into the buttocks, legs, or feet (sciatica).
  • Stiffness and reduced range of motion in the lower back.
  • Difficulty walking or maintaining balance.
  • Bowel or bladder dysfunction in severe cases of nerve compression (cauda equina syndrome).

Prognosis:

  • The prognosis for spondylolisthesis depends on factors such as the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, response to treatment, and overall health of the individual.
  • Many cases of spondylolisthesis can be effectively managed with conservative treatments, while others may require surgical intervention to achieve relief from symptoms and stabilize the spine.
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