Dr Ravi Bhanushali

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SPINE ISSUES

Normal Spine Anatomy

The spine, also known as the vertebral column or backbone, is a crucial part of the human skeletal system. It provides structural support, protects the spinal cord, and allows for various movements. The spine is composed of individual vertebrae, which are stacked on top of each other, forming distinct regions.

Here’s an overview of the normal anatomy of the spine:

Vertebral Regions:

  • Cervical Spine (Neck): Consists of seven vertebrae labeled C1 to C7. The first vertebra (C1) is called the atlas, and the second (C2) is the axis. These two vertebrae allow for the nodding and rotation of the head.
  • Thoracic Spine (Upper Back): Comprises twelve vertebrae labeled T1 to T12. Each thoracic vertebra is associated with a pair of ribs, forming the thoracic cage.
  • Lumbar Spine (Lower Back): Consists of five vertebrae labeled L1 to L5. The lumbar spine bears a significant portion of the body’s weight and is involved in bending and lifting.
  • Sacral Spine: The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae (S1 to S5). It articulates with the pelvic bones and helps transmit the weight of the upper body to the pelvis.
  • Coccygeal Spine: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae.

Intervertebral Discs:

  • Intervertebral discs are located between adjacent vertebrae and act as shock absorbers.
  • Each disc consists of a gel-like nucleus pulposus surrounded by a fibrous annulus fibrosus.

Spinal Cord:

  • The spinal cord is a cylindrical bundle of nerves that extends from the brainstem through the vertebral canal.
  • It serves as the central pathway for communication between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.

Understanding the normal anatomy of the spine is essential for diagnosing and treating spinal conditions. Any deviation from the normal structure, such as herniated discs, fractures, or deformities, may impact spinal function and require medical attention. It’s important to consult with healthcare professionals, such as orthopedic surgeons or neurologists, for proper evaluation and management of spinal issues.

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